Which Samples Can a Karl Fischer Moisture Analyzer Test?
As a classic moisture determination method, Karl Fischer titration is suitable for measuring water in a wide range of organic and inorganic substances. Because compounds vary in their properties, they fall into two categories: those that can be analyzed directly and those that cannot.
WKT-A9Karl Fischer Moisture Analyzers
A Karl Fischer moisture analyzer determines water content by the Karl Fischer method, a volumetric analysis proposed by Karl Fischer in 1935. The most water-specific and accurate chemical moisture method, it has been refined for greater accuracy and range and is now a standard method for many substances.
The Fischer method has two variants: titration (volumetric) and coulometric. It is suitable for determining water content in many inorganic and organic compounds and is a world-recognized classic method for determining moisture content. It can quickly determine moisture in liquids, solids, and gases; it is the most specific and accurate chemical method and a universally used industry-standard analysis method. It is widely applied in the petroleum, chemical, power, pharmaceutical, food, testing, and pesticide industries, as well as in universities and scientific research.
VicoMeter, an expert in moisture analyzers, offers complete moisture solutions. The classic Karl Fischer method suits many organic and inorganic substances; by their properties, compounds are either directly measurable or not.
| Organic acid salts | Na(CH3)SO4、Ba(OOCCH3)2、K2C2O4、VO2(OOCCH3)2、Na2C2H4O6 |
| Inorganic acid salts | NH4 PO4、CaCl2、NaHSO4、Na2SO4、KF、NH4NO3、MgSO4、Na2SO4、KSCN、FeSO4、Al2(SO4)3·KSO4、CaHPO4、NaI、CaCO3、FeF3、VO2(NO3)2 |
| Acidic oxides | SiO2、Al2O3 |
| Inorganic acids and anhydrides | SO2、HI、HF、HNO3、HCN、H2SO4、HSO3、NH2 |
| Acids | Carboxylic acids, hydroxy acids, amino acids, sulfonic acids |
| Alcohols | Monohydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, phenols |
| Esters | Carboxylic esters, orthoesters, carbamate lactones, inorganic acid esters |
| Stable hydroxyl compounds | Sugars, formaldehyde, benzil, benzoin, dichloroacetaldehyde |
| Acetals | Ether formal, diethyl ether |
| Hydrocarbons | Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic compounds |
| .Acid anhydrides and acyl halides | Acetic anhydride, benzoyl chloride |
| Halides | Halogenated alkanes |
| Peroxy compounds | Hydrogen peroxide, dialkyl peroxides |
| Nitrogen compounds | Amines, amides, nitriles |
| Sulfur compounds | Sulfides, thiocyanates, thioethers, xanthates, dithiocarbamates |
| Inorganic Compound Type | Nature of Interference |
| Metal hydroxides and oxides | React quantitatively with Fischer reagent |
| Carbonates and bicarbonates | Same as above |
| Lead acetate, basic ammonia | Incomplete reaction |
| .Boric acid and oxides | React with iodine |
| Chromic acid and dichromic acid | Non-quantitative reaction |
| Cobalt ammonia complexes | Same as above |
| Copper chlorides and sulfates | Quantitatively reduced by HI |
| Ferric chloride | React quantitatively with Fischer reagent |
| Hydrogen sulfide and sodium sulfide | Uncertain reaction |
| Hydroxylamine | Partially react with Fischer reagent |
| Phosphomolybdic acid | Incomplete reaction |
| Methylsilanol (R3SiOH) | React quantitatively with Fischer reagent |
| Thiosulfates | Same as above |
| Tin dichloride | Same as above |
| Zirconyl chloride | Incomplete reaction |
| Organic Compound Type | Nature of Interference |
| Active carbonyl compounds | Form acetals |
| Peroxy compounds | React with SO2 in the reagent |
| Ascorbic acid | Quantitatively oxidized by iodine |
| Thiols | Same as above |
| Quinones | Quantitatively reduced by HI |
| Diacyl peroxides | Reduced by HI |
| DimethyloLnred | Condensation |
The table shows Karl Fischer analyzers suit many inorganic and organic compounds, which are either directly measurable or not. Operators must first identify the category; applying direct measurement to the wrong type causes large errors or failure. For such compounds, eliminate interference with suitable means — different reagents or a Karl Fischer oven — to measure correctly.
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