Principle and Structure of Electronic Balances

Principle of the Electronic Balance

A mechanical balance works on the lever principle: at equilibrium, the mass of the object equals the mass of the weights.

Electronic balances generally use strain-gauge, capacitive or electromagnetic force compensation sensors. Strain-gauge sensors are simple and inexpensive but limited in accuracy; before2009 they could not achieve very high accuracy；Capacitive sensors weigh quickly and offer good value but likewise cannot reach very high accuracy. Electronic balances with electromagnetic force compensation sensors feature accurate, reliable weighing, fast and clear display, an automatic detection system, convenient automatic calibration and overload protection.

Basic Structure of the Electronic Balance

An electronic balance basically consists of the weighing pan, sensor, position detector,PID regulator, power amplifier, low-pass filter, A/D converter, microcomputer, display, housing and feet:

1. Weighing Pan

The pan is usually made of metal, mounted on the sensor, and serves as the load-bearing device for weighing. It has a defined shape and thickness, mostly round or square. Keep it clean in use and never swap pans arbitrarily.

2、Sensor

The sensor is one of the key components of an electronic balance, consisting of a housing, magnet, pole shoes and coil, mounted below the pan. It is highly precise and sensitive. Keep the weighing chamber clean, and never spill samples that could impair the sensor's normal operation.

3. Position Detector

The position detector consists of a high-sensitivity far-infrared emitting diode and symmetrical photocells. It converts the load on the pan into an electrical output signal.

4. PID Regulator

The PID (proportional-integral-derivative) regulator ensures the sensor works quickly and stably.

5. Power Amplifier

It amplifies the weak signalto ensure the balance's accuracy and working requirements.

6. Low-Pass Filter

It eliminates high-frequency interference from the environment and certain electrical componentsso that the sensor output is a constant DC voltage.

7. Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter

It offers high conversion accuracyand easy auto-zeroing, effectively rejecting interference while converting the input signal into a digital signal.

8. Microcomputer

This is arguably the key component of the electronic balance—its data processing unitwith memory, calculation and look-up table functions.

9. Display

Displays today are basically of two types: digital tube displays and LCDs. They present the output digital signal on the screen.

10. Housing

It protects the electronic balance from dust and other contaminantsand also serves as the base for the electronic components.

11. Feet

The supporting components of the electronic balanceand also its leveling components—the balance is usually leveled via the two rear adjusting feet.

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